O Level Pakistan Studies History · Cultural and historical background to the Pakistan Movement: Mughal decline and the religious thinkers. A short explanation of the idea, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid, a worked example and practice questions with answers.
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Shah Waliullah (1703 to 1762) was a religious scholar of Delhi. He lived in the 18th century, when Mughal power was collapsing and Muslims were losing confidence.
He believed the Muslims had declined because they had moved away from the teachings of Islam and were divided among themselves. Few could read the Quran because it was in Arabic, so he translated it into Persian, the language educated Muslims read. He taught at the Madrasa-e-Rahimiya and wrote many books.
He tried to bring Sunni and Shia Muslims closer by stressing what they shared. In politics, he wrote to Ahmad Shah Abdali asking him to come and defeat the Marathas.
Shah Waliullah translated the Quran into Persian, not Urdu. The Urdu translations were made later by his sons.
Answer: Persian was the language educated Muslims could read, so a Persian translation made the Quran understood more widely.
Try each one, then open the answer.
Answer: A. He blamed ignorance of the Quran, un-Islamic customs and sectarian quarrels. Arguing for English education was Sir Syed's later message.
Answer: C. In it Shah Waliullah explained the reasons behind Islamic teachings. Sir Syed's Bible commentary was Tabyin-ul-Kalam.
Answer: C. His father Shah Abdur Rahim founded the Rahimiya. Deoband (1866) and Nadwa (1894) were founded long after his death.
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