CSS Sociology chapter 3: Structure, order and change MCQs with answers

By Team Megalecture · Updated 4 Nov 2026

96 exam-style questions on Structure, order and change, each with the answer and a short explanation. Ten of them are below to try. The chapter test draws ten fresh questions each time and is marked the moment you finish, with your score by topic.

96 questions · 6 topics · 10 per test

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What chapter 3 covers

Ten Structure, order and change questions with answers

Try each one, then open the answer. These ten stay the same; the test draws new ones every time.

1. Davis and Moore argued that unequal rewards exist in all societies because

  1. A
    the ruling class forces other people to work for its profit
  2. B
    caste membership is inherited from one's parents at birth
  3. C
    wealth in every society is distributed by pure chance
  4. D
    society must motivate talented people to fill key positions
Show answer

Answer: D. Davis and Moore's functional theory says that high rewards attract able people to positions that need rare talent and long training.

2. According to Durkheim, societies held together by strong shared beliefs (mechanical solidarity) rely mainly on

  1. A
    restitutive law
  2. B
    repressive, penal law
  3. C
    commercial contracts
  4. D
    civil compensation
Show answer

Answer: B. Durkheim argued that in such societies crime offends the collective conscience and is met with punishment, while in complex societies law mainly restores the former position.

3. Ragnar Nurkse's 'vicious circle of poverty' states that

  1. A
    high income encourages people to work much less than before
  2. B
    low income limits saving and investment, so income stays low
  3. C
    poverty is caused mainly by the large size of families
  4. D
    poor countries cannot trade at all with rich ones
Show answer

Answer: B. Nurkse argued that poor countries stay poor because low income leaves little to save and invest, so output stays low.

4. Urbanisation means

  1. A
    a rise in the total number of people living in a country
  2. B
    a rise in the share of the population living in towns and cities
  3. C
    a movement of people from the city back to the village
  4. D
    a growth in the area covered by villages in a region
Show answer

Answer: B. Urbanisation is the shift of population to urban areas.

5. Workers who are between jobs and searching for a new one are counted as

  1. A
    frictionally unemployed
  2. B
    structurally unemployed
  3. C
    cyclically unemployed
  4. D
    seasonally unemployed
Show answer

Answer: A. Frictional unemployment is the short-term unemployment of job changers and new entrants.

6. A school expels a pupil for repeated bullying. This is an example of a

  1. A
    informal negative sanction
  2. B
    formal positive sanction
  3. C
    informal positive sanction
  4. D
    formal negative sanction
Show answer

Answer: D. Expulsion is a punishment (negative) imposed by an organisation under written rules (formal).

7. In Tönnies' scheme, Gemeinschaft refers to

  1. A
    an association formed by rational contracts and self-interest
  2. B
    a community of close personal ties based on kinship and tradition
  3. C
    a large bureaucratic organisation
  4. D
    a modern industrial city
Show answer

Answer: B. Gemeinschaft is the type of social life found in the family and village. Gesellschaft is the impersonal, contractual society of the city and the market.

8. The idea that criminals are 'born', identifiable by physical features that mark a throwback to earlier human types, is associated with

  1. A
    Cesare Lombroso
  2. B
    Edwin Sutherland
  3. C
    Robert Merton
  4. D
    Emile Durkheim
Show answer

Answer: A. Lombroso, an Italian physician, proposed this biological theory. Modern sociology rejects it, preferring social explanations.

9. In village life, attending and contributing at a relative's wedding or funeral shows that the biradari works through

  1. A
    formal written contracts
  2. B
    taxation imposed by the state
  3. C
    reciprocal obligations
  4. D
    competition in the market
Show answer

Answer: C. Kin are bound by mutual obligations repaid in kind on similar occasions, not by contracts or markets.

10. The spread of railways in the nineteenth century changed trade, migration and ways of life across many countries. This illustrates the importance of which factor in social change?

  1. A
    Demographic
  2. B
    Ideological
  3. C
    Geographical
  4. D
    Technological
Show answer

Answer: D. A new technology changed economic and social patterns, so the technological factor is the best answer.

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Structure, order and change: questions students ask

How many Structure, order and change MCQs are there?

96, each with the answer and a short explanation, across 6 topics: Social stratification and mobility, Deviance, crime and social control, Social change and social movements, Population, urbanisation and migration, Community, rural and urban life in Pakistan, Social problems and social policy. Every chapter test draws ten of them, so you can take it many times.

Is the CSS Sociology chapter 3 test free?

Yes. The test, the answers and the explanations are free and need no sign-up. Sign in only if you want your scores kept across devices.

How is the chapter test marked?

The moment you press Finish: your score, the right answer and an explanation for every question, and the ones you got wrong saved in My mistakes to retry.

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